The relationship between the verse sajdah and prostration Tilawah

Definition of Sajdah

In wikipedia it is written that the Verse Sajdah are certain verses in the Qur'an which when read are sunnah for those who read and hear them to do prostration of recitations. The verses of sajdah in the Qur'an are as follows:

Q.S. Al-A’rof: 206,

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ لَا يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ عَنْ عِبَادَتِهِ وَيُسَبِّحُونَهُ وَلَهُ يَسْجُدُونَ

"Indeed the angels who are with your Lord do not feel reluctant to worship Allah and they glorify Him and only to Him do they prostrate."

Q.S. Ar-Ra’d: 15,

وَلِلَّهِ يَسْجُدُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ طَوْعًا وَكَرْهًا وَظِلَالُهُمْ بِالْغُدُوِّ وَالْآصَالِ

"Only to Allah prostrate (obediently) all that is in the heavens and on earth, whether of their own volition or compulsion (and prostrating themselves) their shadows in the morning and evening."

Q.S. An-Nahl: 49,

وَلِلَّهِ يَسْجُدُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ مِنْ دَابَّةٍ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ وَهُمْ لَا يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ

"And to Allah only prostrate all that is in the heavens and all creatures that creep on the earth and (also) the angels, while they (angels) do not boast."

Q.S. Al-Isro’: 107,

قُلْ آمِنُوا بِهِ أَوْ لَا تُؤْمِنُوا ۚ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ إِذَا يُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ يَخِرُّونَ لِلْأَذْقَانِ سُجَّدًا

"Say: "Believe in him or do not believe (the same for Allah). Verily, those who were given prior knowledge when the Qur'an was read to them, they bowed down on their faces while prostrating themselves."

Q.S.Maryam: 58,

أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّةِ آدَمَ وَمِمَّنْ حَمَلْنَا مَعَ نُوحٍ وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْرَائِيلَ وَمِمَّنْ هَدَيْنَا وَاجْتَبَيْنَا ۚ إِذَا تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتُ الرَّحْمَٰنِ خَرُّوا سُجَّدًا وَبُكِيًّا

“Those are people whom Allah has given favors, namely the prophets from the descendants of Adam, and from those We raised with Noah, and from the descendants of Abraham and Israel, and from those We have guided and We have chosen. When the verses of Allah the Most Gracious are recited to them, they prostrate themselves by prostrating and weeping."

Q.S. Al-Hajj: 18,

أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَسْجُدُ لَهُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَالشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ وَالنُّجُومُ وَالْجِبَالُ وَالشَّجَرُ وَالدَّوَابُّ وَكَثِيرٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ ۖ وَكَثِيرٌ حَقَّ عَلَيْهِ الْعَذَابُ ۗ وَمَنْ يُهِنِ اللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ مُكْرِمٍ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَفْعَلُ مَا يَشَاءُ

"Do you not know that to Allah prostrates whatever is in the heavens, the earth, the sun, the moon, the stars, the mountains, the trees, the creeping things and most of the people? And many of the people whose punishment has been decreed. And whoever despises Allah, no one will glorify him. Verily Allah does what He wills."

Q.S. Al-Hajj: 77,

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ارْكَعُوا وَاسْجُدُوا وَاعْبُدُوا رَبَّكُمْ وَافْعَلُوا الْخَيْرَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ

"O you who believe, bow down, prostrate yourselves, worship your Lord and do good, so that you may win."

Q.S. Al-Furqon: 60,

وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمُ اسْجُدُوا لِلرَّحْمَٰنِ قَالُوا وَمَا الرَّحْمَٰنُ أَنَسْجُدُ لِمَا تَأْمُرُنَا وَزَادَهُمْ نُفُورًا

"And when it is said to them: "Prostrate yourselves all to the Most Merciful", they will reply: "Who is the Most Merciful? Shall we prostrate to the Lord whom you commanded us (to prostrate to Him)?"

Q.S. An-Naml: 25,

أَلَّا يَسْجُدُوا لِلَّهِ الَّذِي يُخْرِجُ الْخَبْءَ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا تُخْفُونَ وَمَا تُعْلِنُونَ

"So that they do not worship Allah Who brings out what is hidden in the heavens and in the earth and Who knows what you hide and what you reveal."

QS As-Sajdah: 15,

إِنَّمَا يُؤْمِنُ بِآيَاتِنَا الَّذِينَ إِذَا ذُكِّرُوا بِهَا خَرُّوا سُجَّدًا وَسَبَّحُوا بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِمْ وَهُمْ لَا يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ

"Indeed, those who truly believe in Our verses are those who, when warned of these verses, immediately prostrate themselves and glorify and praise their Lord, and they are not arrogant either."

Q.S. Fussilat: 37,

وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ اللَّيْلُ وَالنَّهَارُ وَالشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ ۚ لَا تَسْجُدُوا لِلشَّمْسِ وَلَا لِلْقَمَرِ وَاسْجُدُوا لِلَّهِ الَّذِي خَلَقَهُنَّ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ إِيَّاهُ تَعْبُدُونَ

"And among His signs are the night, the day, the sun and the moon. Do not worship the sun or the moon, but worship Allah Who created them, if it is He whom you wish to worship.”

Q.S. An-Najm: 62,

فَاسْجُدُوا لِلَّهِ وَاعْبُدُوا

"So prostrate to Allah and worship (Him)"

Q.S.Al-Insyiqoq: 21,

وَإِذَا قُرِئَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقُرْآنُ لَا يَسْجُدُونَ

"And when the Quran is read to them, they do not prostrate."

Q.S.Al-‘Alaq: 19,

كَلَّا لَا تُطِعْهُ وَاسْجُدْ وَاقْتَرِبْ

“Never, do not obey him; and prostrate and draw near (to Allah).”

Q.S. Sad: 24

قَالَ لَقَدْ ظَلَمَكَ بِسُؤَالِ نَعْجَتِكَ إِلَىٰ نِعَاجِهِ ۖ وَإِنَّ كَثِيرًا مِنَ الْخُلَطَاءِ لَيَبْغِي بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَقَلِيلٌ مَا هُمْ ۗ وَظَنَّ دَاوُودُ أَنَّمَا فَتَنَّاهُ فَاسْتَغْفَرَ رَبَّهُ وَخَرَّ رَاكِعًا وَأَنَابَ

"David said: "Indeed he has wronged you by asking your goat to be added to his goat. And indeed, most of those who are in union, some of them do wrong to others, except those who believe and do righteous deeds; and very few of them." And David knew that We were testing him; so he asked forgiveness of his Lord and bowed down and repented."

As for the 24th verse of Q.S. Sad, does not include the sajdah verse according to the Shafi'i school, but according to Ahmad bin Umar As-Syathiri in Al-Yaqut An-Nafis Fii School of Ibn Idris, it is one of the verses that are sunnah in prostration of gratitude when read.

Definition of prostration Tilawah

Prostration of recitations is a prostration that is done when reading or hearing certain verses from the holy book Al-Qur'an. These certain verses are called sajdah verses as explained above. In the Qur'anic manuscripts these sajdah verses can usually be identified by the presence of certain signs such as writing the word as-sajdah in Arabic writing on the edge of the page in line with the verse, or the presence of a small dome-like image at the end of the verse. When the sajdah verse is read, the person who reads it or who hears it is made to prostrate once, both in the state of prayer and outside the prayer.

In the discussion of prostration of recitations, it is usually juxtaposed with two other prostrations, namely, prostration of sahwi and prostration of gratitude. The prostration of sahwi is carried out when there is a forgetfulness in performing the prayer, while the prostration of gratitude is performed when receiving extraordinary favors. The prostration of recitation is different from the two, this prostration can be done in prayer and outside prayer.

Legal Basis of Prostration Tilawah

It is prescribed that the prostration of recitations when reading or hearing the sajdah verse is based on several hadiths, including the hadith narrated by Imam Muslim from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah -peace and prayer of Allah be upon him- said:

إِذَا قَرَأَ ابْنُ آدَمَ السَّجْدَةَ فَسَجَدَ , اعْتَزَلَ الشَّيْطَانُ يَبْكِي , يَقُولُ: يَا وَيْلَهُ أُمِرَ ابْنُ آدَمَ بِالسُّجُودِ فَسَجَدَ فَلَهُ الْجَنَّةُ، وَأُمِرْتُ بِالسُّجُودِ فَأَبَيْتُ فَلِيَ النَّارُ

Meaning: "When the son of Adam reads the verse of As-Sajdah and then he prostrates, the devil is alone and cries. He said, "woe to you, the son of Adam was ordered to prostrate and he prostrated himself, so for him heaven. And I have been ordered to prostrate but I refuse then for me hell."

Hadith narrated by Imam Abu Dawud from Ibn Umar:

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقْرَأُ عَلَيْنَا الْقُرْآنَ، فَإِذَا مَرَّ بِالسَّجْدَةِ كَبَّرَ، وَسَجَدَ وَسَجَدْنَا مَعَهُ

Meaning: "It is the prophet reading the Qur'an to us, so when he passed the verse As-Sajdah he recited takbir and prostrated, and we prostrated with him."

In an analogy taken from the book of the Salaf, Sheikh Zainuddin Al-Malibari in Fathul Muinnya explains as follows:

تسن سجدة التلاوة لقارئ وسامع جميع آية سجدة، ويسجد مصل لقرآءته إلا مأموما فيسجد هو لسجدة إمامه

It means, "Prostration of recitations is sunnah for people who read or hear the sajdah verse. Likewise, people who are praying are encouraged to prostrate when reading the sajdah verse, except for the congregation, because he must prostrate following the prostration of his priest."

Tata Cara Sujud Tilawah

The recitation of the sajdah verse can occur in prayer or outside prayer, whether in a state of prayer or not praying, readers and listeners are still encouraged to do prostration of recitations. Outside of prayer, for a person to read or hear the sajdah verse and he wishes to perform prostration of recitations, what he must do is to ensure that he is not impure and not unclean by performing ablution and purifying the unclean. Next, he turns himself towards the Qiblah and then performs takbiratul ihram by raising both hands. After pausing for a moment then recite the takbir again to descend prostrate without raising both hands. After prostrating once and then getting up and then sitting for a while without reciting tahiyat and ending it by reciting greetings.

Shaykh Abu Muhammad, Qadli Husain and others prefer prostration of recitations done by starting from standing and intending first. However, it is different from Imam Haramain who argues with his words, "I do not see for this problem there is a narrative and basis." What is Imam Haromain's opinion is seen by Imam Nawawi as the more correct opinion and therefore the chosen one is not to stand for prostration of recitations (see Yahya bin Syaraf Al-Nawawi, Raudlatut Thalibîn wa 'Umdatul Muftîn).

The explanation above is different if the prostration of recitation is done in a state of prayer. The trick is after the sajdah verse is read, then perform takbir without raising your hand and then prostrate once. After that, get up from prostration to stand up again and continue the prayer. If the sajdah verse that was read earlier is in the middle of the letter, then he returns to continue reading the letter until it is finished and bows '. But if the sajdah verse that was read is at the end of the letter, then after getting up from the prostration of the recitations he stands for a moment or preferably reads a few verses and then continues with bowing and so on.

In his book al-Fiqhul Manha, Dr. Mustafa Al-Khin warned that takbiratul ihram and reading greetings are conditions for prostration of recitations. The other conditions are the conditions for prayer in general, such as facing the Qibla, purity from hadas and uncleanness, and so on (see Musthafa Al-Khin, al-Fiqhul Manhaji)

The sunnah readings that are read when prostrating recitations as mentioned by Imam Nawawi in the book Raudlatut Thalibîn are:

سَجَدَ وَجْهِي لِلَّذِي خَلَقَهُ وَصَوَّرَهُ، وَشَقَّ سَمْعَهُ وَبَصَرَهُ، بِحَوْلِهِ وَقُوَّتِهِ

“Sajada wajhiya lil ladzî khalaqahû wa shawwarahû wa syaqqa sam’ahû wa basharahû bi haulihî wa quwwatihî.”

In addition, it is also recommended to read the prayer:

اللَّهُمَّ اكْتُبْ لِي بِهَا عِنْدَكَ أَجْرًا، وَاجْعَلْهَا لِي عِنْدَكَ ذُخْرًا، وَضَعْ عَنِّي بِهَا وِزْرًا، وَاقْبَلْهَا مِنِّي، كَمَا قَبِلْتَهَا مِنْ عَبْدِكَ دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ

“Allâhummaktub lî bihâ ‘indaka ajraa, waj’alhâ lî ‘indaka dzukhran, wa dla’ ‘annî bihâ wizran, waqbalhâ minnî kamâ qabiltahâ min ‘abdika dâwuda ‘alaihissalâm.”

The attitude of the Makmum when the Imam prostrates Tilawah in prayer

During congregational prayers, the congregation is required to follow all movements of the imam, whether obligatory or sunnah. Even though prostration of sunnah recitations is not part of the obligation or pillars of prayer, then when the imam does it, the congregation must follow it. If the congregation does not follow the imam during the prostration of the recitations, the prayers he performs may be invalidated, especially if he finds out about it. Sheikh Zainuddin Al-Malibari explained:

فإن سجد إمامه وتخلف هو عنه أو سجد هو دونه بطلت صلاته ولو لم يعلم المأموم سجوده بعد رفع رأسه من السجود لم تبطل صلاته ولايسجد بل ينتظر قائما

It means, "If the priest is prostrating in recitation, while the congregation does not prostrate, or the congregation prostrates alone without an imam, the prayer is invalid. If the congregation does not know the prostration of the priest after the priest raises his head, the prayer does not invalidate and the mother does not need to prostrate, but just wait while standing."

If the congregation does not follow the prostration with the priest, while he knows the priest is prostrating recitation, then his prayer is invalid. However, if the mother does not know and realizes, she only realizes after the imam rises from the prostration, then the prayer is not invalidated and the mother does not need to prostrate recitations, but just wait for the priest to be in a standing condition.

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